El-Hijaz

KONTRIBUSI KOPERASI UNIT DESA TITIAN MAKMUR TERHADAP PENINGKATAN EKONOMI MASYARAKAT DESA AIR DURIAN JAYA KALIMANTAN BARAT

Attri Niasih — 2025-05-29

The national economic system plays a crucial role in the allocation of resources to individuals and organizations within a country. Article 33 paragraph (4) of the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia states that the national economy is organized based on the principles of economic democracy, founded on unity, equitable efficiency, sustainability, environmental awareness, self-reliance, and a balance between progress and national unity. Regional economic growth is influenced by several factors, including population size, capital, land area, and technological advancement. One of the key actors in driving economic growth at the village level is the cooperative. This study aims to analyze the role of the Village Unit Cooperative (KUD) Titian Makmur in improving the economic conditions of the community in Air Durian Jaya Village, Air Upas District, West Kalimantan. A qualitative method was employed, with data collected through observation and interviews. Observations were conducted to assess the condition of local oil palm plantations, while interviews were held with cooperative members. The findings indicate that KUD Titian Makmur plays a significant role in increasing production, promoting a more equitable distribution of income, and fostering local economic growth, particularly among oil palm farmers. The cooperative serves as a platform for managing collective economic efforts that support the self-sufficiency and welfare of its members.

Keywords: Village Unit Cooperative, economic growth, oil palm farmers

TOLERANSI UMAT BERAGAMA: STUDI HISTORIS KOMUNITAS HINDU JAWA DI LOCERET NGANJUK JAWA TIMUR

Faridatun Nikmah — 2025-05-29

This research is motivated by the teachings of Javanese Hinduism originating from Curik Hamlet, Bajulan Village, Loceret District, Nganjuk Regency, and still maintains the teachings of Hinduism among other religions that are more important for its followers. They believe that the ancestors of the Javanese Hindu religion must be preserved. The Hindu religious community in Curik Village is unique because it is located in a community that is predominantly Muslim. However, the daily activities and activities of this community are no different from other communities, they respect each other and respect each other's beliefs. In 1998, this community built the Kertha Bhuwana Giri Wilis Temple as a religious center. After the founding of the temple, the Hindus of Curik Hamlet experienced development in various fields. Cooperation between the people of Curik Hamlet has been established for a long time, this is a common need. This is realized in a life of cooperation in joint activities in society. The Hindus of Curik Hamlet, Bajulan Village are very protective of the values taught by Hinduism. The values reflected in the Hindu community of Curik Hamlet, Bajulan Village are simple living, respect for nature, and mutual tolerance among people of other religions.

Keyword: Existence, Community, Hindu, Temple, Hamlet

PERKEMBANGAN ISLAM DI AMERIKA PASCA TRAGEDI WORLD TRADE CENTER

Nafa Khibrotun Nabila — 2025-05-29

This research is motivated by the dynamics of the development of Islam in the United States following the World Trade Center (WTC) tragedy. The aim of this study is to examine the growth of Islam in America, beginning with the arrival of Muslim slaves through transatlantic voyages and continuing with waves of conversions over time. This culminated after the WTC tragedy, which brought about various impacts on the Muslim community in the United States. This study employs a qualitative method with a library research approach. The primary sources consist of news articles and reports that circulated shortly after the WTC incident. The findings reveal that the impact of the WTC tragedy on American Muslims was not solely negative, such as experiences of discrimination and accusations of terrorism. On the contrary, the event also led to a significant increase in the number of converts to Islam. The curiosity of the American public toward Islam --being the religion accused of being behind the attacks-- prompted many to explore it more deeply. Furthermore, Islamic preaching (da'wah) intensified, contributing to the ongoing growth and development of Islam in the United States year after year.

Keywords: World Trade Center, America, Islam, Muslim.

PEMBUATAN SABUN MANDI PADAT DENGAN EKSTRAK DAUN SIRIH MERAH MELALUI METODE COLD PROCESS

Abdurrosyid Muzakki Nur — 2025-05-29

The human body undergoes metabolism, which produces waste substances that must be removed. These waste materials need to be cleaned to prevent bacterial growth, and one effective method is through the use of soap. Soap is the result of a reaction between vegetable or animal oils and alkali. The addition of natural ingredients such as red betel leaf extract, which has antibacterial properties, can enhance the effectiveness of soap. This study aims to introduce the cold process method in soap making and to examine the effect of red betel leaf extract on the chemical properties of soap, particularly its pH level. The method used was field practice with two different soap-making techniques, referred to as method 1 and method 2. The results showed that soap produced using method 1 had a solid texture and a pH level that met SNI standards, namely 9.3 (1a) and 10.4 (1b). The success of this method is due to the complete dissolution of caustic soda in distilled water. In contrast, soap produced using method 2 had a softer texture with pH levels of 8.5 (2a) and 9 (2b), which were less optimal due to incomplete dissolution of the caustic soda. Additionally, soap containing red betel leaf extract showed a higher pH than soap without the extract.

Keywords: soap, red betel leaf, cold process