HASIL BUDIDAYA IKAN BANDENG DALAM MENINGKATKAN PENDAPATAN MASYARAKAT PULAU MENGARE KABUPATEN GRESIK

Abstract

Mengare Island, Bungah District, Gresik Regency. With the geographical condition of the coastal area, most of the people in the area make a living as fishermen, and a small number work in other sectors. For example, entrepreneurs and pond farmers are almost all workers.

Viewed from the topography, Mengare Island is located at an altitude of between 4 meters above sea level (meters above sea level) with an average rainfall of 2,000 mm / year. Mengare Island, which is located in the northern coastal area of Java Island, with a temperature of  34oC with traditional coastal fishing patterns and fishpond farmers, especially Bandeng fish, which is the main commodity of Mengare Island.

Pond farmers are people who actively do the work of managing ponds to earn their income. These pond farmers live in coastal villages or adjacent to pond locations and their main livelihood comes from managing ponds. For aquaculture farmers, minimum physical needs or family consumption needs are largely determined by the income they receive. To obtain high income, pond farmers must be able to increase the yield of pond cultivation. Based on the description above, the identification of the problem that will be discussed in this research is how the general description of Mengare Island and how the results of Bandeng fish cultivation in increasing the income of the Mengare Island community.

This type of research is field research, the types of data used in this study are primary data and secondary data. Primary data were obtained directly from Bandeng fish fishermen using interview and observation methods, but the authors did not make observations due to the pandemic situation that did not allow the authors to make observations. Secondary data is obtained in the form of articles or journals obtained from the internet.

Fish farming is an activity to raise, raise and breed fish and to harvest the results in a controlled environment (Law No.31/2004). Typical activities include fish farming, shrimp farming, oyster farming and seaweed (algae) cultivation. In Indonesia, aquaculture is carried out through various means. The most common cultivation activities are carried out in ponds/ponds, ponds, tanks, cages, and floating cages.

The definition of a pond or pond according to Biggs et al. (2005) is a body of water measuring 1m2 to 2ha that is permanent or seasonal which is formed naturally or man-made. Rodriguez-Rodriguez (2007) added that ponds or ponds tend to be on land with a less porous soil layer. The term pond is usually used for ponds located on land with fresh water, while ponds for brackish or salt water. Biggs et al. (2005) stated that one of the functions of ponds for aquatic ecosystems is the enrichment of aquatic biota species. The increase in the type of biota comes from the introduction of the cultivated biota.

There are several aspects that must be considered in the development of Bandeng fish cultivation in ponds, namely: land suitability, availability of commodities and technology and market demand. Land suitability needs to be considered considering the variation in carrying capacity and the level of land suitability in each stretch is not the same. In addition, the availability of commodities to achieve production optimization is still faced with the problem of marketing the results and the limited amount of production. In running their farming business, the cultivator incurs costs and earns income. Farming costs are defined as the value of all inputs that are used up or incurred in production, but do not include the labor of the cultivator's family.

The results of the research that has been carried out show that Mengare Island is located in the northern coastal area of Java Island with a temperature of 34oC with traditional coastal fishing patterns and fishpond farmers, especially Bandeng fish, which is the main commodity of Mengare Island. Mengere Island is famous for its delicious and fat Bandeng fish in East Java Province, especially Gresik Regency. Its location, which is still quite beautiful, makes every visitor who comes to them feel at home and comfortable to linger to enjoy the natural beauty that is served.

And also from the results of research that has been done shows that the largest pond farmers' income is received by fishermen who have a business scale of 11-15 ha and the lowest is received by a business scale of 1-5 ha. If it is calculated by comparing the total revenue / total cost, the value of the 11-15 ha business scale is 1.91, the 1-5 ha business scale is 1.32. Therefore, the largest Revenue Cost Ratio (R/C) value is obtained by fishermen who have a business scale of 11-15, namely 3.3, meaning that for every Rp. 3,000,- the costs incurred can generate an income of Rp. 900,-.

Based on the results of the study, the suggestions that can be put forward in this paper are for Bandeng fish pond farmers to maximize the production obtained by selling Bandeng fish to big cities, and marketing it abroad. Bandeng fish farming farmers can also maximize the production obtained by selling less of the first harvest at a low selling price so that for the second and third harvests they get a higher selling price. To maximize the production obtained, aquaculture farmers can increase the selling price from year to year but adapt to conditions.